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They may struggle with comprehending what they read for several reasons, including poor decoding or fluency. Children with learning disabilities, however, think, process, and understand differently than other students. Understanding what we read and remembering it is central to the act of reading. The text may also be too challenging, or the reader may not be getting enough practice to build confidence. However, if a student knows many sight words and still reads in a choppy, word-by-word manner, they may have speech or language processing issues that prevent them from becoming a fluent reader. Emergent readers who are just beginning to learn and apply decoding skills will not be fluent instead, fluency is built as they increase awareness of print and build confidence as readers.Ī lack of fluency skills, then, typically means a student is not yet reading with confidence and is decoding most text. Students rely on being able to accurately decode and build their sight word vocabulary in order to become fluent readers. An inability to recognize the patterns found in print.Issues with directional tracking, or moving from left to right.A lack understanding of letters and sounds.Students with learning disabilities who struggle with decoding may have: Finally, you call on these skills as you decode ''c,'' ''a,'' and ''t,'' blending the individual sounds into the word ''cat.''
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Then you learn that letters represent sounds in speech, and remember what each letter and sound is. Think about everything that goes into decoding a word, like ''cat.'' First, you need the ability to hear, understand, and manipulate sounds, which is called phonemic awareness. Decoding is reliant on several sub skills related to sound and symbol relationships embedded in phonics. Like we discussed earlier, emergent readers rely on their decoding skills to read text until they build a sight word vocabulary, or words they can remember without decoding. Students with special needs who have been formally diagnosed with a learning disability, or a difficulty understanding language, often struggle with the strategies used when reading.